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In this model, parental competence is influenced by the environmental pressures bearing on the family and the social support the family receives.
Environmental pressures exert both a direct effect on the parenting load and hence the parents' ability to cope, and an indirect effect by influencing how well they are seen to be coping and hence the type and level of support they need.
Social support impacts on parental competence for better or worse depending on whether it promotes or inhibits the parents' capacity to manage the parental task.
The parents' actual level of competence in turn feeds back to reinforce how they are perceived by the support system.
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